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Congenital Talipes Equinovarus - Clubfoot at Yapita Health

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CTEV - What is It, Causes & Symptoms

Congenital Talipes Equinovarus, also known as Clubfoot, is a birth defect that leads to the person’s foot to point downward and inward. This can potentially affect one or both feet - this is not painful in babies (which is why it usually goes untreated).

When left untreated, it can lead to mobility issues in the later stages of life. The condition is a deformity that affects the foot’s muscles, bones and tendons.

The global prevalence of clubfoot is around 1 to 3 out of 1000 live births and is found in countries like Asia and Africa.

Types of Clubfoot

There are two main types of clubfoot:

  • Isolated or Idiopathic Clubfoot: The most common type of clubfoot, the isolated clubfoot occurs when your child does not have any other medical issues. This type is also known for its lack of cause for the clubfoot.

  • Non-isolated Clubfoot: Non-isolated clubfoot occurs along with other health conditions. These conditions may be a joint problem or arthrogryposis or a neural tube disorder known as spina bifida.

What are the symptoms of Clubfoot?

The most common signs of clubfoot are that one or both feet turn inward and your baby’s foot faces the opposite leg.

You may also notice that their foot has a

  • Deep crease on the inside

  • Kidney shape

  • Higher arch than normal which is also known as cavus foot deformity.

The other signs of clubfoot may be:

  • Smaller calf muscle in the affected leg

  • Shorter foot

  • Ankle stiffness

  • Lack of full range of motion in the foot

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Overview

What are the causes of clubfoot?

The cause of clubfoot is not clear as research indicates it could be a combination of genetics and environment. Here’s how it works:

  • Genetics: The genes in your child’s body determine how they’ll look, grow and function. The problem with one or more genes passed down from parents can result in a clubfoot.

  • Environment: The child’s environment can have an effect on the baby’s chances of having clubfoot. Drug use and smoking during pregnancy can raise the child’s probability of developing clubfoot.

What puts my baby at risk of congenital clubfoot?

It is seen that baby boys are more likely to develop clubfoot than baby girls. A family history of clubfoot can also put your baby at the risk of developing it. Here are other risk factors:

  • Another birth defect such as cerebral palsy or spina bifida

  • A genetic condition such as Edward syndrome or Trisomy 18

You may be at a higher risk of having a child with clubfoot if you:

  • Had complications like low amniotic fluid during pregnancy - the biological liquid that surrounds your baby in the womb.

  • Had Zika infection during pregnancy which can cause birth defects and other issues.

  • Smoked, drank alcohol, or used recreational drugs during pregnancy.

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